After independence in 1975, a flag that was based on that of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) which led the indendence was used. While using the same colors green, black, red, yellow, and white, the design was changed and established in 1983. Above the yellow star on the left are depicted the book and hoe, which symbolize intellect, production, and defense. Red represents resistance toward colonialism and the armed fight for the nation's freedom, green, the rich natural resources, black, the African continent, and yellow, mineral resources.